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Sains Malaysiana 53(12)(2024): 3241-3251
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5312-09
Biosensor Elektrokimia untuk Pengesanan 17β-Estradiol menggunakan Mikrosfera Polimer Metakrilat-Akrilat Terfungsi
(Electrochemical Biosensor for 17β-estradiol Detection using Functional Methacrylate-Acrylate
Polymer Microspheres)
ALIFF
AIMAN MOHAMAD ROZLAN, SHARINA ABU HANIFAH*, NURFAIZAH ABU TAHRIM & ANWARUL
HIDAYAH ZULKIFLI
Jabatan Sains Kimia, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Received: 30
April 2024/Accepted: 26 August 2024
Abstrak
17ß-estradiol
(E2) adalah sejenis bahan kimia pengganggu endokrin (EDC) yang sering dikaji kerana sebatian ini banyak dikumuhkan oleh manusia melalui proses perkumuhan dan dilepaskan kembali ke dalam sistem air tanpa dipantau oleh loji rawatan air. Tahap E2 yang tidak normal boleh menyebabkan masalah kesihatan seperti tulang lemah (osteoporosis) dan masalah kesuburan disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan hormon. Untuk memastikan pengesanan awal dan pengurusan yang betul bagi keadaan ini, biopengesanan berterusan terhadap tahap E2 adalah penting untuk mengekalkan keseimbangan hormon dan kesihatan keseluruhan. Pendekatan alternatif telah diambil dengan menggabungkan sensor elektrokimia dengan 76-mer aptamer yang mempunyai rantaian khusus E2 yang telah terbukti mempunyai keafinan tinggi kepada E2. Polimer metakrilat-akrilat dengan struktur mikrosfera telah digunakan untuk meningkatkan kepekatan aptamer
yang dipegun dan meningkatkan kepekaan sensor tanpa memerlukan amplifikasi oleh bahan konduktif. Penyelidikan ini telah membangunkan biosensor elektrokimia untuk mengesan 17ß-estradiol (E2) menggunakan polimer metakrilat-akrilat yang diubah suai. Polimer poli(glisidil metakrilat-ko-n-butil akrilat) terfungsi dengan nisbah isi padu 90:10 dalam bentuk mikrosfera bertindak sebagai matriks untuk pemegunan E2-aptamer secara kovalen. Berdasarkan analisis elektrokimia, biosensor 17ß-estradiol (E2) yang dibangunkan berasaskan aptamer ini telah berjaya menunjukkan julat kepekaan linear antara 0.1 nM - 1.0 µM (R2 = 0.9937) dan had pengesanan rendah sebanyak 7.384 pM. Kebolehasilan biosensor (n=8) diperoleh ialah antara 2.65% - 12.23%
dan adalah selektif terhadap molekul E2 berbanding dengan tindak balas terhadap sebatian EDC yang lain. Selain itu, biosensor yang dihasilkan telah berjaya mengesan kepekatan E2 yang ditambah ke dalam sampel air sungai dengan peratusan pemulihan yang tinggi di antara 92.5 dan 97.2%. Oleh itu,
biosensor yang dibangunkan ini berfungsi dengan baik dalam mengesan dan memantau kepekatan E2 dalam sampel air.
Kata kunci: Aptamer; biosensor; metakrilat-akrilat; polimer terfungsi; 17ß-estradiol
Abstract
17ß-estradiol
(E2) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) that is often studied due to its
compound excretion largely by humans through the excretion process and released
back into the water system, without proper monitoring by water treatment
plants. Abnormal E2 levels can cause health problems such as weak bones
(osteoporosis) and fertility problems due to unstable hormone levels. To ensure
early detection and proper management of these conditions, continuous
biosensing of E2 levels is essential for maintaining stable hormone levels and
overall health. An alternative approach was taken by combining electrochemical
sensors with 76-mer aptamers of E2 specific sequence, which were shown to have
high affinity binding to E2. Methacrylate-acrylate polymer with a microsphere
structure was utilized to increase the concentration of the immobilized aptamer
and increasing the sensitivity of the sensor without the need for amplification
by conductive materials. This research developed an electrochemical biosensor
for detecting 17ß-estradiol (E2) using a methacrylate-acrylate-modified
polymer. Functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-n-butyl
acrylate) with a volume ratio of 90:10 in the form of microspheres acts as a
matrix for covalent immobilization of E2-aptamer. Based on the electrochemical
analysis, the developed 17ß-estradiol (E2) biosensor based on aptamer
has successfully shown a linear sensitivity range between 0.1 nM - 1.0 µM (R2 = 0.9937) and a low detection limit of
7.384 pM. Biosensor reproducibility (n=8) was
obtained between 2.65% - 12.23% and was selective towards the E2 molecule
compared to the response of other EDC compounds. Additionally, the produced
biosensor had successfully detected the E2 spiked concentrations in the river
water sample with a high recovery percentage between 92.5 - and 97.2%.
Therefore, the developed biosensor performs well in detecting and monitoring
the concentration of E2 in water samples.
Keywords: Aptamer; biosensor;
functional polymer; methacrylate-acrylate; 17ß-estradiol
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